Cohesin subunits: SMC1/SMC3, RAD21, and STAG1/2 (SA1/2).
Cohesin cofactors: NIPBL and MAU2, WAPL, PDS5, Sororin, Separase
Conclusions
Loss of Cohesin Is Associated with Stronger Genome Compartmentalization. Cell 2017
Loop Domains Are Rapidly Lost After Degradationof Cohesin. Cell 2017
Links between Superenhancers Are Strengthened after Loss of Cohesin. Cell 2017
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Integrating Extrusion and Compartmentalization Can Recapitulate Hi-C Experimental Results. Cell 2017
Cohesin Loss Results in Strong Down-Regulation of Genes near Superenhancers but Does Not Bring About Widespread Ectopic Activation. Cell 2017
Two Mechanisms that Guide Genome Folding: the first is the cohesin-dependent formation of loop domains; the second mechanism is the cohesin-independent compartmentalization of chromatin intervals with similar histone marks. Cell 2017
Two Classes of Loops: another population of loops that are frequently anchored at superenhancers and do not depend on cohesin. Cell 2017
Loop Domains Spanning NIPBL and Superenhancers Recover More Rapidly. Cell 2017
It is commonly thought that compartment intervals are typically megabases in length and are subdivided into smaller domains in a hierarchical fashion. Here, we demonstrate that compartment intervals can be as short as tens of kilobases and can overlap loop domains in complex ways. For instance, we observe numerous examples of loop domains spanning multiple compartment intervals. Cell 2017
In such cases, we find that loop extrusion, by facilitating contacts between all loci in the loop domain, can enhance the contact frequency of loci that would ordinarily lie in different subcompartments. Thus, the long-range contact pattern seen for each locus is a mixture of the pattern that would ordinarily be seen for loci in the corresponding subcompartment and the pattern seen for other loci in the loop. This mixing disappears upon cohesin depletion. Similarly, deletion of WAPL appears to increase the processivity of the Xcom and thus increases the size of loops (Haarhuis et al., 2017). Consistent with our observations, these larger loops are associated with extensive mixing, which obscures long-range compartment patterns. Cell 2017